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{"id":393,"date":"2013-02-24T01:06:05","date_gmt":"2013-02-24T01:06:05","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/?p=393"},"modified":"2015-10-31T18:08:01","modified_gmt":"2015-10-31T18:08:01","slug":"teoria-da-inovacao","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/2013\/02\/24\/teoria-da-inovacao\/","title":{"rendered":"Teoria da Inova\u00e7\u00e3o"},"content":{"rendered":"A teoria da inova\u00e7\u00e3o remonta \u00e0 obra de Schumpeter no seu estudo sobre a din\u00e2mica da sociedade capitalista. De acordo com o autor, longas ondas dos ciclos de desenvolvimento no capitalismo resultariam da conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o ou da combina\u00e7\u00e3o de inova\u00e7\u00f5es. Essa perspectiva insere uma importante diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o entre crescimento econ\u00f4mico e desenvolvimento, o que tensiona a tese do equil\u00edbrio geral baseada no c\u00e1lculo racional, voltado para aloca\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos de forma mais eficaz, pois, a inova\u00e7\u00e3o enquanto motor do desenvolvimento envolveria condi\u00e7\u00f5es de incerteza radical.<\/p>\n
Tratando mais especificamente do conhecimento tecnol\u00f3gico, as implica\u00e7\u00f5es dessa teoria se estendem a todo \u00e2mbito da vida em sociedade. O desenvolvimento de inova\u00e7\u00f5es \u00e9 considerado um elemento disruptivo do crescimento econ\u00f4mico, como fator que estabelece uma descontinuidade na forma de expans\u00e3o econ\u00f4mica, por meio do desenvolvimento de novos produtos e processos produtivos. Pois, a introdu\u00e7\u00e3o destes elementos novos representaria uma descontinuidade capaz de transformar radicalmente uma s\u00e9rie de atividades e setores econ\u00f4micos, estabelecendo novos \u201cparadigmas tecnol\u00f3gicos\u201d, inserindo novas vantagens competitivas e criando novos mercados.<\/p>\n
Assim, a inova\u00e7\u00e3o, segundo esta teoria, n\u00e3o obedeceria a lei da oferta e da demanda (que tem como pressuposto um centro espec\u00edfico de produ\u00e7\u00e3o de conhecimentos, tecnologias, e etc), ou um tipo de racionalidade autocentrada e maximizadora feita por atores individuais que possuem prefer\u00eancias e fun\u00e7\u00f5es de utilidade bem definidas e concorrem entre eles pela aquisi\u00e7\u00e3o de recursos escassos, mas a um conjunto de intera\u00e7\u00f5es dos atores que comp\u00f5em uma organiza\u00e7\u00e3o ou grupo que enfrenta dificuldades\/problemas no intuito de solucion\u00e1-los. Nessa perspectiva, o comportamento inovativo \u00e9 marcado pela intui\u00e7\u00e3o e escolhas operadas em condi\u00e7\u00f5es de profunda incerteza, pouco apropriados ao c\u00e1lculo probabil\u00edstico e maximizante dos atores racionais.<\/p>\n
Num sentido mais amplo, inova\u00e7\u00e3o designa uma mudan\u00e7a em um estado de coisas existentes, ao fim de introduzir algum elemento novo. Logo, inovar refere-se tanto a a\u00e7\u00e3o de mudan\u00e7a quanto ao resultado, o que implica numa rela\u00e7\u00e3o comparativa diacr\u00f4nica entre um estado de coisas anterior e um estado modificado por esse elemento novo. A partir dessa defini\u00e7\u00e3o percebe-se o car\u00e1ter necessariamente processual e relacional da inova\u00e7\u00e3o, isto \u00e9, trata-se de um movimento complexo que compreende uma pluralidade de atividades interconectadas que resultam num estado de novidade em rela\u00e7\u00e3o a um per\u00edodo e um contexto anterior. Portanto, trata-se de um processo que envolve a cria\u00e7\u00e3o, a difus\u00e3o e a utiliza\u00e7\u00e3o de novos conhecimentos (RAMELLA, 2013).<\/p>\n
Este conceito de inova\u00e7\u00e3o, ao estende-se para al\u00e9m da esfera comercial, pode, para os fins espec\u00edficos das Categorias Anal\u00edticas de IPR, lan\u00e7ar luz \u00e0s no\u00e7\u00f5es de produ\u00e7\u00e3o intelectual e \u00e0s dificuldades\/distor\u00e7\u00f5es que permeiam o enfoque mercadol\u00f3gico dado as mesmas, que tende a defender a recompensa como \u00fanica mola propulsora da cria\u00e7\u00e3o e da inven\u00e7\u00e3o. Em outras palavras, permite pensar o processo inovativo, suas motiva\u00e7\u00f5es e resultados, a partir de refer\u00eancias n\u00e3o exclusivamente econ\u00f4micas.<\/p>\n
Bibliografia:<\/strong>
\nRAMELLA, Francesco. Sociologia dell’innovazione economica. Bologna: Ed. il Mulino, 2013.<\/p>\nAutor:
\nRodrigo Foresta Wolffenb\u00fcttel –<\/strong> Mestre e Doutorando em Sociologia pela UFRGS, dedica-se a pesquisa sobre o desenvolvimento de inova\u00e7\u00e3o tecnol\u00f3gica e cultural em diferentes ambientes socioculturais, especialmente interessado em inova\u00e7\u00f5es votadas para a sustentabilidade e problemas ambientais.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"A teoria da inova\u00e7\u00e3o remonta \u00e0 obra de Schumpeter no seu estudo sobre a din\u00e2mica da sociedade capitalista. De acordo com o autor, longas ondas dos ciclos de desenvolvimento no capitalismo resultariam da conjuga\u00e7\u00e3o ou da combina\u00e7\u00e3o de inova\u00e7\u00f5es. Essa perspectiva insere uma importante diferencia\u00e7\u00e3o entre crescimento econ\u00f4mico e desenvolvimento, o que tensiona a tese … <\/p>\n
Continue reading “Teoria da Inova\u00e7\u00e3o”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=393"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1188,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/393\/revisions\/1188"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=393"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=393"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=393"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}