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{"id":1180,"date":"2015-10-31T18:00:23","date_gmt":"2015-10-31T18:00:23","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/?p=1180"},"modified":"2015-11-14T04:25:37","modified_gmt":"2015-11-14T04:25:37","slug":"free-software-ou-software-livre","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/2015\/10\/31\/free-software-ou-software-livre\/","title":{"rendered":"Free Software ou Software livre"},"content":{"rendered":"\u00c9 qualquer programa de computador que pode ser usado, copiado, estudado, modificado e redistribu\u00eddo sem nenhuma restri\u00e7\u00e3o. A liberdade de tais diretrizes \u00e9 central ao conceito, o qual se op\u00f5e ao de software propriet\u00e1rio (SCALCO, 2010, p. 167 – 168). Segundo Evangelista (2004, p. 177 \u2013 178) o free software, se origina, segundo a Free Software Foundation aponta, no ano de 1983, com o lan\u00e7amento do Projeto GNU (acr\u00f4nimo para a express\u00e3o em ingl\u00eas \u201cGNU n\u00e3o \u00e9 Unix\u201d) por Richard Stallman. Segundo Colemann (2010, p. 135), Richard Stallman \u201cfoi motivado por uma pol\u00edtica de resist\u00eancia para salvar a cultura hacking amea\u00e7ada pela expans\u00e3o na comercializa\u00e7\u00e3o de software e pela aplica\u00e7\u00e3o de patentes e de copyrights.\u201d \u00c9 importante n\u00e3o confundir com o movimento Open Source. O objetivo de Stallman era construir um sistema operacional similar ao Unix, mas que obedecesse a uma licen\u00e7a em que os programadores poderiam fazer tudo com o software, menos torn\u00e1-lo propriet\u00e1rio. Este \u00e9 considerado tamb\u00e9m o marco inicial do movimento software livre. Entre 1984 e 1985, Stallman evolui essa ideia e escreve o Manifesto GNU, documento que desenha os princ\u00edpios do copyleft que dar\u00e1 base para as regras descritas na General Public Licence (GPL). Em 1985, Stallman fundou a Free Software Foundation para apoiar o movimento. \u00c9 nesse per\u00edodo que ele delineia o que chama de princ\u00edpios \u00e9ticos, as quatro liberdades que fundamentam o movimento: o software deve ser livre para ser modificado, executado, copiado e distribu\u00eddo. O documento por excel\u00eancia que marca a luta por essas liberdades \u00e9 a Licen\u00e7a GPL a primeira licen\u00e7a redigida tendo em vista os objetivos do movimento e a principal licen\u00e7a do software livre, publicada em 1989 \u201cque reserva direitos ao utilizador do artefato t\u00e9cnico, em detrimento do distribuidor\u201d (SOLAGNA e MORAES, 2010, p. 104). Importante destacar tamb\u00e9m que segundo Solagna e Moraes (2010, p. 104) \u201ca cobran\u00e7a de softwares livre n\u00e3o \u00e9 vedada ainda que n\u00e3o seja usual\u201d e que \u201co intuito de realizar um sistema operacional inteiramente livre s\u00f3 foi poss\u00edvel com a internet e a grande capacidade de colabora\u00e7\u00e3o em rede\u201d.<\/p>\n
Bibliografia:<\/strong><\/p>\nEvangelista, R. \u201cO movimento software livre do Brasil: pol\u00edtica, trabalho e hacking\u201d. Horizontes Antropol\u00f3gicos, Porto Alegre, ano 20, n.41, p.173-200, jan.jun. 2014.<\/p>\n
Coleman, G. \u201cRevolu\u00e7\u00f5es silenciosas: O ir\u00f4nico surgimento do software livre e de c\u00f3digo aberto e a constitui\u00e7\u00e3o de uma consci\u00eancia legal hacker\u201d. Leal, O.F; Souza, R.H (org) Do Regime de Propriedade Intelectual: Estudos Antropol\u00f3gicos. Porto Alegre, Tomo Editorial, 2010.<\/p>\n
Solagna, Fabr\u00edcio, Moraes, Bruno Bunilha. \u201cPatentes de software e propriedade intelectual como estrat\u00e9gia de monop\u00f3lio\u201d. In: Leal, O.F; Souza, R.H (org) Do Regime de Propriedade Intelectual: Estudos Antropol\u00f3gicos. Porto Alegre, Tomo Editorial, 2010.<\/p>\n
Scalco, Lucia Mury. \u201cCamel\u00f3dromo: a repercuss\u00e3o do regime transnacional de propriedade intelectual em n\u00edvel local\u201d. In: Leal, O.F; Souza, R.H (org) Do Regime de Propriedade Intelectual: Estudos Antropol\u00f3gicos. Porto Alegre, Tomo Editorial, 2010.<\/p>\n
Autor:<\/strong>
\nCarla Michele Rech<\/strong> – Doutoranda em Sociologia (PPGS\/UFRGS), bolsista do CNPQ. Mestre e Licenciada em Ci\u00eancias Sociais (UFPel). Integrante do Grupo de Pesquisa Associativismo, Contesta\u00e7\u00e3o e Engajamento (GPACE\/UFRGS). Desenvolve pesquisas sobre participa\u00e7\u00e3o social, rela\u00e7\u00f5es entre Estado e movimentos sociais, media\u00e7\u00e3o social e pol\u00edticas p\u00fablicas.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"\u00c9 qualquer programa de computador que pode ser usado, copiado, estudado, modificado e redistribu\u00eddo sem nenhuma restri\u00e7\u00e3o. A liberdade de tais diretrizes \u00e9 central ao conceito, o qual se op\u00f5e ao de software propriet\u00e1rio (SCALCO, 2010, p. 167 – 168). Segundo Evangelista (2004, p. 177 \u2013 178) o free software, se origina, segundo a Free … <\/p>\n
Continue reading “Free Software ou Software livre”<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":[],"categories":[20],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1180"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=1180"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1180\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":1211,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/1180\/revisions\/1211"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=1180"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=1180"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/commons.cc\/antropi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=1180"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}