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Rede – Antropologia da Propriedade Intelectual
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Rede

Uma possível reconstrução do conceito de redes pode remeter-se à obra de Norbert Wiener, “Cibernética e sociedade: o uso humano de seres humanos” (São Paulo: Cultrix, 1968), em que o autor pensa a informação como “elemento” que perpassa todo processo de organização e mudança de um objeto estudado (sejam máquinas, uma comunidade de formigas, de seres humanos, etc.). O fluxo da informação é que permite mudanças de comportamentos através de um processo de aprendizagem (“teoria das mensagens”). Este fluxo, fundamento para a noção de redes, se dá de maneira horizontal já que pressupõe a interatividade; Wiener critica organizações burocráticas e hierarquizadas por não serem capazes de mudança uma vez que os comandos superiores jamais recebem respostas de seus funcionários.

Wiener ainda não trabalha com a idéia de rede, mas sim com a de sistemas. Donald Schön, já na década de 70 (“Beyond the stable state”), no entanto, parece retomar as idéias básicas sobre mudança (inovação) e aprendizagem sob o parâmetro da noção de redes que o autor define como “um conjunto de elementos referidos uns aos outros através de múltiplas conexões” (p. 190), em que estes elementos fazem parte de um fluxo e do processamento de informações. Este modelo em rede dos elementos de uma organização são, segundo o autor, o modelo ideal para um gerenciamento mais eficaz de empresas, por exemplo. Uma das constatações centrais da análise de Manuel Castells sobre as novas formas de organização das empresas no capitalismo informacional que o autor conceitua em “A Sociedade em rede”.

Este conceito, é preciso dizer, coloca-se como uma tentativa de análise de estruturas de uma sociedade tecnologicamente desenvolvida e cuja tecnologia encontra-se estreitamente vinculada à troca e ao processamento de informações (distinta dos modelos tecnológicos anteriores que potencializavam a força física). Todos os autores citados têm em vista as grandes inovações tecnológicas ocorridas principalmente durante e depois da 2ª Guerra Mundial.

 


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